Half-sky auroras - 12.3.2022 at 20.40 - 13.3.2022 at 02.05 Järvenpää Observation number 105178

Copyright © 2022 Toni Veikkolainen. All rights reserved.

Visibility IV / V

Toni Veikkolainen, Keski-Uudenmaan Altair

The mass eruption of Korona brought pleasure to the northern lights photographer in southern Finland to the extent that monitoring on the morning side was mandatory. I first went to Vanhankylä by car, but there the northern lights were limited to a belt and a calm arc. I watched the evolution of the phenomenon for about half an hour, returning home and blinking at the sky cameras while watching NHL hockey. There was northern lights all the time in the sky, but not to the extent that I had managed to move.

Only after one in the morning did the collapse of the vertical component of the magnetic field produce such a play that I had to hurry to a nearby field. After all, it was now possible to get a picture of a northern lights crown, and we succeeded. The rays intensified. To the naked eye, the color green dominates but the blue also stood out. To the east, a small red area appeared from bottom to top. I watched again for about half an hour and when the phenomenon started to be limited to the north again, I found that I had had enough of the treat. A richer table setting of different colors down to zenith might have been too much required.

This description has been automatically translated from Finnish. Click here to see the original text.

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Additional information

Aurora brightness
- Very bright auroras
Observed aurora forms
- Arc
  
  ARC The arcs are wider than the bands and do not fold as strongly. The arcs are normally neither very bright nor active.
  
  The arc is probably the most common form of aurora. When aurora show is a calm arc in the low northern sky it often doesn’t evolve to anything more during night. In more active shows the arc is often the first form to appear and the last to disappear.
  
  The lower edge of the arc is usually sharp but the upper edge can gradually blend into the background sky. As activity increases rays and folds normally develop, and the arcs turn gradually into bands.
  
  An aurora arc runs across the picture. Vertical shapes are rays. Photo by Atacan Ergin.
  
  Aurora Arc. Photo by Mauri Korpi.
  
  Aurora Arc. Photo by Anna-Liisa Sarajärvi.
  
  Aurora Arc. Photo by Matti Asumalahti.
- Corona
  
  CoronaA corona is a hand fan shaped structure, it usually forms south of the observer's zenith, most commonly consisting of rays or bands. The corona is usually the most beautiful part of the aurora show. It is bright and active, but on the other hand also short-lived.
  
  Aurora corona. Photo by Anna-Liisa Sarajärvi.
  
  Aurora corona. Photo by Merja Ruotsalainen.
  
  Corona formed from bands. Photo by Markku Ruonala.
  
  Aurora corona. Photo by Tapio Koski.
- Band
  
  Bands are usually narrower, more twisty at the bottom, brighter, and more active than arches. Bands usually develop from arches.
  
  Bands can form J and U shapes, sometimes even full spirals. The corona can also arise from bands. Bands are a fairly common form of aurora.
  
  Aurora band. Photo by Merja Ruotsalainen.
  
  Aurora band. Photo by Matias Takala.
  
  Aurora band. Photo by Lea Rahtu-Korpela.
  
  Aurora bands. Photo by Lauri Koivuluoma.
  
  Aurora band. Photo by Matias Takala.
- Rays
  
  The raysare parallel to the lines of force of the magnetic field, i.e. quite vertical, usually less than one degree thick light streaks. The rays can occur alone or in connection with other shapes, mainly with arcs and bands. Short rays are usually brightest at the bottom but dim quickly. The longest rays, even extending almost from the horizon to the zenith, are usually uniformly bright and quite calm, and unlike the shorter rays, most often occur in groups of a few rays or alone. Rays, like bands, are a very typical form of aurora.
  
  Artificial light pillars, which are a halo phenomenon visible in ice mist, can sometimes be very similar to the rays of aurora. Confusion is possible especially when the lamps that cause the artificial light pillars are far away and not visible behind buildings or the forest. The nature of the phenomenon is clear at least from the photographs.
  
  Rays. Picture of Tom Eklund.
  
  Rays. Photo by Mika Puurula.
  
  Two beams rise from the aurora veil. Photo by Anssi Mäntylä.
  
  Two radial bands. Show Jani Lauanne.
  
  Radial band and veil. Photo by Jussi Alanenpää.
  
  Two rays. Photo by Aki Taavitsainen.
  
  It may be possible to confuse such rays with artificial light columns. Compare the image below. Picture of Tom Eklund.
  
  There is no aurora in this image, but all the light poles - including the wide and diffuse bar seen at the top left - are artificial light pillars born of ice mist. Photo by Sami Jumppanen.
  
  Aurora and artificial light pillars. All the radial shapes in the picture above are probably artificial light pillars that coincide appropriately with the aurora band. In the image below, the aurora band has shifted and does not overlap with the pillars produced by the orange bulbs. There is no orange in auroras. Photo by Katariina Roiha

Colors with unaided eye and other features
- Green auroras
  
  Green, seen with the naked eye, is one the most common colors of the aurora. The green color is derived from atomic oxygen.
  
  Green auroras. Lea Rahtu-Korpela.
  
  Green auroras. Photo by Juha Ojanperä.
- Fully red auroras
  
  Completely dark red aurora is a very rare and strikingly handsome revelation. This phenomenon is also due to the discharge of an excitation state of an atomic oxygen.
  
  Throughout red aurora. Photo by Tobias Billings.
- Blue auroras
  
  Clearly blue auroras can be seen only during the best aurora displays close to the maximum phase or soon after it. Sometimes blue auroras can be seen shortly after the sunset at the top part of the auroral shapes, specially rays. It is created by the mission of the ionized nitrogen molecules created by the suns radiation.
  
  Strongly colored blue auroras. Photo by Jorma Mäntylä.
  
  Blue top parts of the aurora. Image by Tom Eklund.
  
  Blue top parts of the aurora. Image by Jaakko Hatanpää.
  
  Partly blue corona. Photo by Tapio Koski.
  
  Faintly blue top parts of an aurora veil. Photo by Jaakko Hatanpää.

Technical information

Nikon D3200 + Nikkor 18-55mm f / 3.5-5.6 @ 18mm f / 3.5, ISO 800

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